{"product_id":"ll-37","title":"LL-37","description":"\u003ch2\u003eLL-37 Research Peptide\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExplore LL-37 from the Bulk Peptides research catalog. This peptide is offered for qualified laboratory work; compare the available presentation with the identity and documentation requirements of your project.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eProduct information\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eSelect from the presentations shown on this page. For a specific batch or analytical requirement, contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:support@bulkpeptides.org\"\u003esupport@bulkpeptides.org\u003c\/a\u003e for available product documentation before ordering.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/pages\/ll-37-research-guide\"\u003eRead the LL-37 research guide\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor laboratory research use only.\u003c\/strong\u003e Not for human or veterinary use, diagnosis, treatment, or clinical application.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003csection class=\"product-research-information\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eProduct research information\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLL-37 is a synthetic peptide with the molecular formula \u003cstrong\u003eC₂₀₅H₃₄₀N₆₀O₅₃\u003c\/strong\u003e. It corresponds to the C-terminal sequence of the endogenous human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein (hCAP18). In aqueous laboratory environments, the peptide adopts a highly amphipathic alpha-helical structure. This distinct conformation is critical for its biological activity, as it allows the peptide to seamlessly interface with the lipid bilayers of cellular membranes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eScientific studies focus extensively on the peptide’s ability to selectively disrupt microbial membranes. Driven by its net positive charge (cationic nature), LL-37 binds to the negatively charged surface molecules of various pathogens. In vitro assays demonstrate that this interaction leads to the formation of transmembrane pores and subsequent cell lysis. Researchers utilize this mechanism to study the innate immune system’s initial defense response against bacterial, viral, and fungal agents independently of traditional antibiotic pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeyond its direct antimicrobial activity, LL-37 is investigated for its complex immunomodulatory signaling. In cellular models, the peptide has been observed to neutralize endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), thereby downregulating the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mitigating hyper-inflammatory responses. Furthermore, researchers examine its role in extracellular matrix remodeling and angiogenesis, utilizing murine models to understand how host defense peptides may accelerate epithelial cell migration and wound closure under induced metabolic stress.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eReferences\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScott, M. G., et al. (2002). “The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 is a multifunctional modulator of innate immune responses.” \u003cem\u003eThe Journal of Immunology\u003c\/em\u003e, 169(7), 3883-3891.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDürr, U. H., et al. (2006). “LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides.” \u003cem\u003eBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes\u003c\/em\u003e, 1758(9), 1408-1425.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNijnik, A., \u0026amp; Hancock, R. E. (2009). “The roles of cathelicidin LL-37 in immune defences and novel clinical applications.” \u003cem\u003eCurrent Opinion in Hematology\u003c\/em\u003e, 16(1), 41-47.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e","brand":"Bulk Peptides","offers":[{"title":"5 MG","offer_id":51303542128807,"sku":null,"price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0770\/0384\/9895\/files\/ll-37.png?v=1788656407","url":"https:\/\/bulkpeptides.org\/products\/ll-37","provider":"Bulk Peptides","version":"1.0","type":"link"}