{"product_id":"nad","title":"NAD+","description":"\u003ch2\u003eNAD+ Research Compound\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eNAD+ is offered as a laboratory research compound. As a coenzyme rather than a peptide chain, it has its own identity and analytical requirements; review the listed product information for your research workflow.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eProduct information\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eSelect from the presentations shown on this page. For a specific batch or analytical requirement, contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:support@bulkpeptides.org\"\u003esupport@bulkpeptides.org\u003c\/a\u003e for available product documentation before ordering.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/pages\/nad-plus-research-guide\"\u003eRead the NAD+ research guide\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor laboratory research use only.\u003c\/strong\u003e Not for human or veterinary use, diagnosis, treatment, or clinical application.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003csection class=\"product-research-information\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eProduct research information\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ is a coenzyme with the molecular formula \u003cstrong\u003eC₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is the oxidized form of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, characterized by the presence of a positive charge on the nitrogen atom of the nicotinamide ring. This structure allows it to accept electrons during metabolic reactions, converting to NADH. In laboratory settings, NAD+ is essential for studying cellular respiration, specifically the transfer of electrons in the mitochondrial electron transport chain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeyond its role in redox signaling, NAD+ is investigated as a necessary substrate for several classes of enzymes. Most notably, it is required for the activity of Sirtuins (Class III histone deacetylases), which regulate gene expression, cellular aging, and stress resistance. It also serves as a substrate for PARPs, which are enzymes involved in DNA repair and genomic stability. The consumption of NAD+ by these enzymes links cellular metabolic status directly to chromatin structure and transcriptional regulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eScientific studies frequently utilize NAD+ to examine the decline of mitochondrial function associated with age-related metabolic changes. Research in murine models suggests that intracellular NAD+ levels decrease over time, prompting investigations into supplementation pathways and precursor molecules. Investigators monitor these levels to understand the mechanisms of circadian rhythm regulation and neuroprotection in vitro.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eReferences\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImai, S., \u0026amp; Guarente, L. (2014). “NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease.” \u003cem\u003eTrends in Cell Biology\u003c\/em\u003e, 24(8), 464-471.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRajman, L., et al. (2018). “Therapeutic Potential of NAD-Boosting Molecules: The In Vivo Evidence.” \u003cem\u003eCell Metabolism\u003c\/em\u003e, 27(3), 529-547.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYing, W. (2008). “NAD+\/NADH and NADP+\/NADPH in cellular functions and cell death: regulation and biological consequences.” \u003cem\u003eAntioxidants \u0026amp; Redox Signaling\u003c\/em\u003e, 10(2), 179-206.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e","brand":"Bulk Peptides","offers":[{"title":"500 MG","offer_id":51303543341223,"sku":"klow-80mg-single-1-1-3-1","price":95.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0770\/0384\/9895\/files\/nad.png?v=1788658062","url":"https:\/\/bulkpeptides.org\/products\/nad","provider":"Bulk Peptides","version":"1.0","type":"link"}