VIP

Product research information

VIP possesses the molecular formula C₁₄₇H₂₃₈N₄₂O₄₃. Structurally, it is a linear polypeptide consisting of 28 amino acids and belongs to the glucagon/secretin superfamily of peptides. In biological systems, the endogenous hormone acts via two primary G-protein-coupled receptors, designated VPAC1 and VPAC2. Laboratory synthesized VIP is utilized to examine these receptor interactions and the subsequent activation of the adenylate cyclase-cAMP signaling cascade.

Scientific studies focus heavily on the peptide’s potent vasodilatory and bronchodilatory effects. In in vitro assays and animal models, researchers observe how the administration of VIP influences the relaxation of smooth muscle tissues, particularly within the gastrointestinal tract and pulmonary system. This mechanism provides a crucial framework for studying altered vascular resistance and blood flow dynamics under controlled experimental conditions.

Beyond its hemodynamic properties, VIP is extensively investigated for its immunomodulatory and neuroprotective potential. Research indicates that the peptide may downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-6, while promoting the release of anti-inflammatory mediators. Additionally, it is studied for its role in maintaining the circadian rhythm within the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Investigators utilize this molecule to understand the complex neuro-immune axis and cellular survival pathways during induced inflammatory stress.

References

1. Delgado, M., et al. (2004). “Vasoactive intestinal peptide: neuromodulator and immune regulator.” Trends in Neurosciences, 27(10), 615-623.
2. Henning, R. J., & Sawmiller, D. R. (2001). “Vasoactive intestinal peptide: cardiovascular effects.” Cardiovascular Research, 49(1), 27-37.
3. Brenneman, D. E. (2007). “Neuroprotection: a comparative view of vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide.” Peptides, 28(9), 1720-1726.